Alfalfa prefers a warm and relatively dry climate and is very hardy. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 12-25°C, the seedlings are able to withstand -6-7°C, adult plants can tolerate-25°C, the optimum temperature for growth is 25-30°C, and it is suitable for cultivation in areas with an annual precipitation of 300-800mm. , High temperature and excessive rainfall (over 1000mm), unfavorable to its growth, continued high temperature and humidity or water will cause root rot, affecting the normal growth of plants. You Xiguang, with sufficient sunlight, can grow well.
1. The choice of plots
The most suitable soil for sowing alfalfa is sandy sticky black soil, loamy soil and calcareous soil. Do not choose too sandy and poor soil, the soil layer is deep, the lower layer of soil requires no hard disk layer as a barrier, or the soil depth is at least 1 meter. The soil pH is required to be between 6.3-7.5, not less than 6.0 and preferably not more than 8.2. The waterlogging is very scary. The continuous flooding of 24 hours means a large number of deaths. The rainy season in Shunyi District is concentrated (July and August). Therefore, it is required that the land be well drained, and the water can be rapidly removed from the soil during the rainy season.
2. Land preparation requirements
Planting the land for land preparation requires land: the field is flat and there is no dead land, the soil must reach the upper level, and the soil in the field cannot exceed 3 cm. The specific requirements are: replanting fertilization - farmland - dip diagonally (more than 2 times) - sowing.
3. Production management measures
3.1 sowing
3.1.1 Variety selection
In order to obtain high-yield, high-quality pastures, we should select high-yield, drought-resistant grades (3-4 grades), fast regenerating grasses, and strong pest-resistant varieties based on the unique geological and climatic conditions of Shunyi. The varieties suitable for planting in our area include CW400, CW300 and CW502.
3.1.2 Seed Processing
The rhizobia should be inoculated before sowing of the plots without vegetation. Note that the seeds after inoculation are not immediately sowed and should be re-inoculated after 3 months.
3.1.3 seeding rate
The optimal seeding rate for suitable planting in Shunyi is 0.8-1.2kg/mu. According to the site preparation conditions, geological conditions, and actual production management, it is recommended that the planting rate should be above 1.2 kg/mu.
3.1.4 sowing time
You can sow all year round. Spring sowing can be planted at the end of February and early March; Summer sowing in June-July, but more weeds, weeding should be noted; autumn sowing, August-September 15 before sowing. Autumn sowing is best. It requires a long root before winter, a certain amount of photosynthetic product is stored in the root, after the emergence to the next frost should have 40 days of growth, there are 3-4 true leaves; seed sowing in winter, usually in November Late.
3.1.5 sowing method
Shunyi District sowed by sowing.
3.1.6 broadcast depth
Seeds must be exposed to earthworms. The depth of sowing is generally 1 to 1.5 centimeters.
3.1.7 Base fertilizer
Before sowing, special fertilizer for pasture was used as the base fertilizer. Based on the soil fertility level, the amount of basic fertilizer was determined. Under low and medium fertility levels, 50 kg/mu was applied; under high fertility conditions, 40 kg/mu was applied.
3.1.8 Post-broadcast Management
After sowing, it should be watered in time. Because of the shallow sowing, the surface of the soil is easy to dry. After sowing, the seedlings must be poured 3-4 times. When watering, pay attention to the quality of sprinkler irrigation to avoid the water droplets being too large to expose the seeds.
3.2 Field Management
3.2.1 Irrigation
Large amounts of water are needed for irrigation, and irrigation is an important measure for achieving high yields. In order to ensure uniform moisture, there is no accumulation of water so watering must use sprinkler irrigation. Specific irrigation time is as follows: 1 watering at the seedling stage, at least 3-4 times. 2 Watering in time after each castration. Remember: I am afraid of water, the amount of water should not be too much, the best control in 2-3 hours. The middle and late seedlings have grown strong and their ability to fight drought has increased. To prevent root leaf decay, water should not be watered during this period. 3 frozen water is conducive to safe wintering, watering time is controlled in 6-8 hours. 4 The earlier the watering in the green period is, the better. After investigation, watering in late February will reduce the rate of dead seedlings and provide sufficient water for the return of greenery. Watering in late March and early April will not be conducive to returning green. Don't water at this stage.
3.2.2 Fertilization Management
According to the soil texture, soil fertility, available nitrogen and phosphorus ratio in the soil, and plant determination results to determine whether the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Under normal circumstances, topdressing each phosphorus phosphorus 3-4 kg, 7-8 kg of potassium oxide, top dressing should be combined with irrigation after harvest. Wasteland cultivation requires no potassium. After many years of cultivation, lime should be added to supplement calcium. Applying about 3 kg/mu of sulphur will ensure your life needs. Pay attention to appropriate amounts of trace fertilizers such as molybdenum, boron, and magnesium.
3.2.3 Pest Control
Diseases of alfalfa include sclerotia, anthracnose, virus disease, and leaf spot. Pests include thrips, aphids, whiteflies, beet armyworms, cotton bollworms, and large bridges.
Principles of prevention and control: Prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control, preferential use of physical and biological control, biological control, and scientific and rational use of the principle of harmless control of chemical control, to achieve the purpose of safe production.
3.2.4 Control of Weeds
There are many kinds of weeds in alfalfa fields, such as Amaranthus retroflexus, Iron amaranth, Sophora japonica, Amaranthus punctatus, Matang, Valerian, Mud-hull, Castor, Lawn and so on.
Chemical weeding is divided into pre-emergence soil treatment and post-emergence stem and leaf treatment. Pu Shi, Kenai Si, Kucao Qing, leisure and so on can be used.
3.3 Harvest
3.3.1 Harvest period
From the aspects of regeneration, yield, quality, etc., the best harvest period is the early flowering period. The method of determining the early flowering period: randomly selected 40 bark stems, 1 - 2 flowers for the early flowering period. However, in actual production, most of them began to harvest from the budding stage.
3.3.2 Harvest System
Shunyi District can receive 4 to 5 miles a year. The first harvest will be made in mid-May. The second one will be harvested in late June. The third will be harvested in mid-August and the fourth will be harvested in mid-September. The management will be positive. The plots can be harvested in mid-to-late October. After trials, the last cropping period should be about 40 days from the wintering period. If it is not guaranteed that there will be sufficient growth periods from the harvest to the wintering period, the harvest period should be appropriately delayed. Winter is good. It is best to confirm budding harvest every year. After three years of investigation, Shunyi District harvested a percentage of the total output of the four crops at 36:24:24:16 (this ratio is for reference only).
3.4 Rotation system
Alfalfa is generally high in the first 5 years. After five years of planting, the soil has been improved, and it is better to grow cereal crops. The wheat can be increased continuously for three years and the yield increase is 10-20%.
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