Design of a New Type of Access Controller Based on MCS-51 Microcontroller
With the acceleration of China's modernization and urbanization, and the constant emergence of new technologies and materials, security doors have entered the millions of households as a new form of building materials and structures. However, existing security doors still rely on the traditional key to open the door lock to realize the action of opening the door, not only is the opening of the door cumbersome and has no alarm function, but also the most core and most vulnerable position of the door lock is the lock core, the lock using the mechanical key, The position of the lock cylinder will be clear at a glance, which will give the criminals an opportunity.
The purpose of this project implementation is to realize the action of a non-strange person to open the door through the RF card or voice recognition or send a short message to the GSM module under the control of the single-chip microcomputer. The walkie-talkie module is used to realize the door owner and the outside visitor. Exchanges, and can open the door with a key, thus breaking the fixed mode of relying on the key to open the door only. In terms of security, since the “key†of the access control system communicates with the door lock through an electrical signal, it can be Isolate and open, the position of the lock can not be ascertained on the outside, reducing the possibility of the door lock being destroyed by the external violence. In addition, we have a magnetic sensor to monitor the opening and closing of the door. When opening the door illegally and forgetting to close the door, it will be via SMS. Informing the homeowner and activating the alarm device, the safety factor of the door lock is significantly improved. With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to the quality of life and property safety. The significance of the implementation of this subject lies in a variety of automatic door opening methods. To a certain extent, people’s hands were liberated; by escaping the mechanical communication between “keys†and “locks†and adding alarm systems, The safety locks.
1, the overall introduction of the system
The new security door designed in the article can be divided into seven modules: single-chip module, radio frequency identification module, voice recognition module, "one-key door opening" module, anti-theft alarm module, GSM module, relay control module, etc., according to the functions realized by each part. The following types of door opening methods can be achieved:
1) Swipe to open the door. The RF card module transmits the information to the single-chip microcomputer through the RF card. After being judged and recognized by the single-chip microcomputer, the command is sent to the relay control module to command the relay module to drive and the door lock to open the door.
2) Voice recognition opens the door. First of all, it is necessary to record the characteristics of some people's voices, and save them into a database after digital processing. When someone visits, the voice of the voice recognition module's visiting person is digitized and compared with the information in the voice database, and the results are compared. Transmit to the one-chip computer, the one-chip computer judges whether to give the door opening instruction to the relay control module through the comparison result, thus realize the action of opening the door.
3) Open the door with one key. When the visiting person can not open the door through the RF card door or voice recognition, you can also communicate with the owner through the walkie-talkie module, the master through the button to send information to the microcontroller, control the microcontroller sends the door opening instructions to the relay control module, so as to achieve "a key to open the door ".
4) Open the door remotely. When the conditions of the above door opening method cannot be satisfied due to special reasons, such as when the owner of the house is on a business trip, and someone passes the permission of the owner and needs to enter the room, the owner of the house can send the door opening command to the GSM module by SMS. Open the door remotely."
When a visitor uses the above method to open the door, the anti-theft alarm module is triggered, the buzzer sounds, and the GSM module sends an alarm message to the owner. The overall system design diagram is shown in Figure 1.
2, hardware design
2.1 SCM minimum system design This module is used as the main control unit of the whole system to control and coordinate the work of each module. 89C51 is used as the core chip of the SCM module. The chip is an 8-bit CPU with a 12M crystal oscillator as the clock, with 32 I /O line, two external interrupts, two 16-bit timers/counters, full-duplex serial port. The chip has small size, high operating speed, good reliability, low power consumption, high cost performance, simple development tools, and easy function implementation.
The minimum system includes the power circuit, crystal oscillator circuit, and reset circuit. The hardware design is shown in Figure 2.
2.2 Radio frequency identification module The main function of this module is to identify the RF card, and send the card related information to the one-chip computer module. The one-chip computer judges whether this card is legal and whether to issue the open door instruction.
The module uses the MFRC522 as the core chip of the RF card module. The RC522 is a highly integrated read-write card IC used in 13.56 MHz contactless communication. The internal transmitter part can drive the reader antenna to communicate with the ISO14443A/MIFARE card and transponder without any additional circuitry. The receiver section provides a robust and efficient demodulation and decoding circuit for handling ISO14443A compliant transponder signals. The three mutual authentications are safe and reliable. The hardware design diagram is shown in Figure 3.
2.3 Speech Recognition Module The main function of this module is to identify and analyze the voice information of the visitor, and send this information to the SCM module. The SCM determines whether to issue a door opening instruction based on the sound information.
The module uses LD3320 as the core chip of the speech recognition module. The chip integrates a speech recognition processor and some external circuits, including AD, DA converters, microphone interfaces, and audio output interfaces. The chip does not need any external auxiliary chip, directly integrated in the existing products can achieve voice recognition, man-machine dialogue and other functions. Supports parallel and serial interfaces, and serial mode simplifies connection to other modules. The hardware design diagram is shown in Figure 4.
2.4 "One-touch door opening" module This module mainly controls the door lock by means of independent keys. When the key is pressed, the single-chip microcomputer module issues a door opening instruction.
In addition, the module is equipped with a walkie-talkie module to communicate with the visitors. The SDA1845 is used as the core chip of the intercom module. Its built-in high-speed microcontroller, high-performance RF transceiver chip and RF amplifier, and provides a standard RS232 serial port. The hardware design diagram is shown in Figure 5.
2.5 Anti-theft alarm module This module mainly implements alarms in two situations:
1) When the door is opened, it will send an alarm signal to the SCM when it fails to close normally due to various reasons. The SCM receives the signal and performs corresponding alarm processing.
2) When the visitor fails to open the door through a legal method, such as breaking into the door, it sends an alarm signal to the SCM. After the SCM receives the alarm signal, it sends a short message notification to the owner through the GSM module and activates the sound and light alarm.
The module uses a magnetic sensor as the main component. When the door is open, the door sensor outputs a high level; when the door is closed, the door sensor outputs a low level. The hardware design diagram is shown in Figure 6.
2.6 GSM module The main implementation of this module sends an alarm message to the specified mobile phone number when the SCM module sends a SMS alarm command. The module uses the TC35 as the main body of the GSM alarm module. TC35 interface mode supports serial port R232 and TTL self-adaptation. It works on EGSM900 and GSM1800 dual-band, supports voice and data signal transmission, and uses AT command to transmit instructions and data in both directions. It supports TEXT and PDU format SMS. The hardware design diagram is shown in Figure 7.
2.7 Relay Control Module The main function of this module is to control the door lock. When the microcontroller module issues an open command, the module opens the lock; when the microcontroller module issues a close command, the module closes the lock.
The module uses a signal relay as the main body of the module. The signal relay is used to turn on and off the circuit to issue control commands and reflect the status of the device to form an automatic control circuit.
3, software design
The program uses the C programming language, compiles and debugs in the Keil4 environment, adopts interrupt, digital filtering and other technologies. Its main flow chart is shown in Figure 8.
4 Conclusion
The software and hardware design scheme of the access controller is given in this paper. The realization methods of various door opening methods are given in detail, and the alarm information is sent via GSM. As domestic anti-theft alarm systems are still not very common, smart homes will gradually go to ordinary families, so new smart anti-theft doors will have good prospects for development in the near future. Therefore, this project has a certain practical significance.
The purpose of this project implementation is to realize the action of a non-strange person to open the door through the RF card or voice recognition or send a short message to the GSM module under the control of the single-chip microcomputer. The walkie-talkie module is used to realize the door owner and the outside visitor. Exchanges, and can open the door with a key, thus breaking the fixed mode of relying on the key to open the door only. In terms of security, since the “key†of the access control system communicates with the door lock through an electrical signal, it can be Isolate and open, the position of the lock can not be ascertained on the outside, reducing the possibility of the door lock being destroyed by the external violence. In addition, we have a magnetic sensor to monitor the opening and closing of the door. When opening the door illegally and forgetting to close the door, it will be via SMS. Informing the homeowner and activating the alarm device, the safety factor of the door lock is significantly improved. With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to the quality of life and property safety. The significance of the implementation of this subject lies in a variety of automatic door opening methods. To a certain extent, people’s hands were liberated; by escaping the mechanical communication between “keys†and “locks†and adding alarm systems, The safety locks.
1, the overall introduction of the system
The new security door designed in the article can be divided into seven modules: single-chip module, radio frequency identification module, voice recognition module, "one-key door opening" module, anti-theft alarm module, GSM module, relay control module, etc., according to the functions realized by each part. The following types of door opening methods can be achieved:
1) Swipe to open the door. The RF card module transmits the information to the single-chip microcomputer through the RF card. After being judged and recognized by the single-chip microcomputer, the command is sent to the relay control module to command the relay module to drive and the door lock to open the door.
2) Voice recognition opens the door. First of all, it is necessary to record the characteristics of some people's voices, and save them into a database after digital processing. When someone visits, the voice of the voice recognition module's visiting person is digitized and compared with the information in the voice database, and the results are compared. Transmit to the one-chip computer, the one-chip computer judges whether to give the door opening instruction to the relay control module through the comparison result, thus realize the action of opening the door.
3) Open the door with one key. When the visiting person can not open the door through the RF card door or voice recognition, you can also communicate with the owner through the walkie-talkie module, the master through the button to send information to the microcontroller, control the microcontroller sends the door opening instructions to the relay control module, so as to achieve "a key to open the door ".
4) Open the door remotely. When the conditions of the above door opening method cannot be satisfied due to special reasons, such as when the owner of the house is on a business trip, and someone passes the permission of the owner and needs to enter the room, the owner of the house can send the door opening command to the GSM module by SMS. Open the door remotely."
When a visitor uses the above method to open the door, the anti-theft alarm module is triggered, the buzzer sounds, and the GSM module sends an alarm message to the owner. The overall system design diagram is shown in Figure 1.
2, hardware design
2.1 SCM minimum system design This module is used as the main control unit of the whole system to control and coordinate the work of each module. 89C51 is used as the core chip of the SCM module. The chip is an 8-bit CPU with a 12M crystal oscillator as the clock, with 32 I /O line, two external interrupts, two 16-bit timers/counters, full-duplex serial port. The chip has small size, high operating speed, good reliability, low power consumption, high cost performance, simple development tools, and easy function implementation.
The minimum system includes the power circuit, crystal oscillator circuit, and reset circuit. The hardware design is shown in Figure 2.
2.2 Radio frequency identification module The main function of this module is to identify the RF card, and send the card related information to the one-chip computer module. The one-chip computer judges whether this card is legal and whether to issue the open door instruction.
The module uses the MFRC522 as the core chip of the RF card module. The RC522 is a highly integrated read-write card IC used in 13.56 MHz contactless communication. The internal transmitter part can drive the reader antenna to communicate with the ISO14443A/MIFARE card and transponder without any additional circuitry. The receiver section provides a robust and efficient demodulation and decoding circuit for handling ISO14443A compliant transponder signals. The three mutual authentications are safe and reliable. The hardware design diagram is shown in Figure 3.
2.3 Speech Recognition Module The main function of this module is to identify and analyze the voice information of the visitor, and send this information to the SCM module. The SCM determines whether to issue a door opening instruction based on the sound information.
The module uses LD3320 as the core chip of the speech recognition module. The chip integrates a speech recognition processor and some external circuits, including AD, DA converters, microphone interfaces, and audio output interfaces. The chip does not need any external auxiliary chip, directly integrated in the existing products can achieve voice recognition, man-machine dialogue and other functions. Supports parallel and serial interfaces, and serial mode simplifies connection to other modules. The hardware design diagram is shown in Figure 4.
2.4 "One-touch door opening" module This module mainly controls the door lock by means of independent keys. When the key is pressed, the single-chip microcomputer module issues a door opening instruction.
In addition, the module is equipped with a walkie-talkie module to communicate with the visitors. The SDA1845 is used as the core chip of the intercom module. Its built-in high-speed microcontroller, high-performance RF transceiver chip and RF amplifier, and provides a standard RS232 serial port. The hardware design diagram is shown in Figure 5.
2.5 Anti-theft alarm module This module mainly implements alarms in two situations:
1) When the door is opened, it will send an alarm signal to the SCM when it fails to close normally due to various reasons. The SCM receives the signal and performs corresponding alarm processing.
2) When the visitor fails to open the door through a legal method, such as breaking into the door, it sends an alarm signal to the SCM. After the SCM receives the alarm signal, it sends a short message notification to the owner through the GSM module and activates the sound and light alarm.
The module uses a magnetic sensor as the main component. When the door is open, the door sensor outputs a high level; when the door is closed, the door sensor outputs a low level. The hardware design diagram is shown in Figure 6.
2.6 GSM module The main implementation of this module sends an alarm message to the specified mobile phone number when the SCM module sends a SMS alarm command. The module uses the TC35 as the main body of the GSM alarm module. TC35 interface mode supports serial port R232 and TTL self-adaptation. It works on EGSM900 and GSM1800 dual-band, supports voice and data signal transmission, and uses AT command to transmit instructions and data in both directions. It supports TEXT and PDU format SMS. The hardware design diagram is shown in Figure 7.
2.7 Relay Control Module The main function of this module is to control the door lock. When the microcontroller module issues an open command, the module opens the lock; when the microcontroller module issues a close command, the module closes the lock.
The module uses a signal relay as the main body of the module. The signal relay is used to turn on and off the circuit to issue control commands and reflect the status of the device to form an automatic control circuit.
3, software design
The program uses the C programming language, compiles and debugs in the Keil4 environment, adopts interrupt, digital filtering and other technologies. Its main flow chart is shown in Figure 8.
4 Conclusion
The software and hardware design scheme of the access controller is given in this paper. The realization methods of various door opening methods are given in detail, and the alarm information is sent via GSM. As domestic anti-theft alarm systems are still not very common, smart homes will gradually go to ordinary families, so new smart anti-theft doors will have good prospects for development in the near future. Therefore, this project has a certain practical significance.
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