The farmer who “sets up in spring and catches fertilizer†comes from the mouth of the peasants in Anhui Province. It means that when the beginning of spring comes, it is time to apply fertilizer to wheat and rapeseed. What is the scientific basis of this farm? Is it suitable for South China and Northeast China? Prof. Cao Yiping, a soil and fertilizer expert from China Agricultural University, systematically introduced the phenological characteristics of “Lichun†solar terms and related points of recent fertilization management.
Cao Yiping said that the Lunar New Year is an ugly year this year, and Lichun was at 0:52 on February 4, 2009, which is the first day of the lunar year of the Year of the Ox. From the point of view of meteorology, the beginning of spring is the thawing of the east wind and the beginning of spring. China has a vast territory and it is also a natural spring festival. The temperatures in different regions are quite different. Therefore, the agricultural activities must also be differentiated according to local conditions.
Another climatic factor in the beginning of spring is moisture.
The precipitation of this solar term is not the same throughout the country. Since the beginning of the spring in the north, it is still in a dry, dry and rainy season all year round. This year's situation is even worse. With the gradual increase in temperature, soil evapotranspiration increases, and drought conditions have worsened than before. As far as the initial spring period is concerned, the Yellow River Basin is at 5mm and other precipitation lines, and most of the south is between 5-50mm. As far as the main winter wheat planting areas are concerned, temperatures in the North China region have risen after the beginning of spring, and the 0 degree Celsius isotherm will shift to the north. However, the amount of precipitation has not changed significantly. In addition, there are more windy weather, the soil loss is faster, the spring drought It is still the main contradiction in North China.
In most parts of the country, when the earth rejuvenates, the plants that dormant in winter start to sprout and the soil is thawing. Farmers must be busy preparing and preparing fertilizers. As the saying goes: “The season of the year is Spring,†and “Ningshe has a gold ingot.†Not willing to spend a year in spring." However, grasping agricultural work is not static, and it needs to be analyzed and adjusted according to different types of temperature and precipitation.
Cao Yiping said that for the “Farming to catch up with fertilizers†in Fen Land Reclamation, the following suggestions can be made in different regions:
The greenhouse vegetable in the northern area is followed by picking fertilizers after picking. Fertilizer is nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, a small amount, if you apply more, it will burn seedlings injured leaves.
In winter wheat in the central and southern Henan province, the topsoil of the farmland is defrosted and immediately pressed to protect the wheat. Irrigation conditions of the wheat field, the first application of ammonium bicarbonate watering.
In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, rapeseed, wheat and other field crops are the timing for the arrival of spring and fertilizer. The topdressing fertilizers are mainly nitrogen fertilizers. If the previous base fertilizers were not treated with compound fertilizers or organic fertilizers, potassium fertilizers should also be added this time. The effect of combining nitrogen and potassium fertilizers is good. Nitrogen fertilizers, whether urea or ammonium bicarbonate, should not be exposed on the ground to prevent evaporation loss and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Fruit trees in the area also need fertilization.
In South China and Hainan, Lichun is the season of rice fertilization in paddy fields, and it is also a period of strong growth of tropical economic crops such as bananas, mangoes, litchi, longan, pineapple, and pepper. Therefore, it is also a top-dressing period for these crops. Some fruit trees are fat once a month, and some vegetables pick up one fertilizer at a time. Top dressing should mainly follow solid nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. However, some vegetable farmers in the region have dissolved the solid phosphorus fertilizer calcium and solid ternary fertilizer particles with water and mixed them with foam to disperse the water. This method is unreasonable and wastes nutrients and reduces the effect.
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