China's printing and dyeing equipment has experienced several stages of 54-type, 65-type, 71-type and 74-type. In recent years, with the development and application of 96-type dyeing and finishing equipment, China's printing and dyeing equipment has reached a new level. As the level of technical equipment of printing and dyeing enterprises in China has been greatly improved, the structure of printing and dyeing products has improved. However, the level of process technology and equipment in the printing and dyeing industry in our country is unevenly developed in all regions. The reprinting of printing and dyeing equipment in the eastern coastal areas of China is relatively large. Many private enterprises have a high starting point and a large number of equipment imports. The scale of production and the number of varieties are impressive. In China, the printing and dyeing enterprises in the central and western regions are basically based on long-distance printing equipment for cotton printing and dyeing in the 1960s and 1970s. The products are poorly adaptable, and water, electricity, and steam consume large amounts of energy and cannot meet small batches and fast delivery. High quality and other requirements. Coupled with the slow transition of the system, heavy burden, no liquidity turnover, not to mention technology and equipment updates and new product development.
Equipment selection to consider technical factors
To meet the requirements of small batches, multiple varieties and fast delivery. To select technologies and equipment according to the needs of the market and products, we must have advancedness, practicality, and applicability. We must embody our own unique products and innovations, and engage in some options for filling in, filling out new products, and adjusting product structure. Pay attention to the improvement of connotation and avoid low-level repetition.
To use high quality, efficient, energy-saving, environmentally friendly dyeing and finishing equipment. The choice of equipment must not only consider the need for the development of dyeing and finishing hi-tech processes, but also consider the needs of ecological textiles and environmental protection and energy-saving processing technologies.
Technological innovation does not necessarily require the introduction of the most advanced equipment. Old machines can also be retrofitted. For example, the older generation had proposed solving three problems of color, slackness, and shrinking quality. It is not necessary to update the entire old machine to a contemporary international level, but only to components, unit structures, transmission systems, test, and monitoring automation systems. , additional devices and other aspects of transformation.
According to the actual situation, select the appropriate technical equipment. The selection of equipment is not blindly imported. Recommended long-term vehicle equipment, such as desizing, scouring, bleaching machine, continuous pad dyeing machine, color soaping machine, stenter, etc., may choose to use domestic equipment, and the bottom rolling machine, continuous pad dyeing machine Some selected imported equipment, this will be economical and practical. Pre-processing Relatively speaking, the speed of the continuous equipment can be higher, the pre-processing equipment L-box is used more, and the dyeing and printing are more suitable for some machines, such as intermittent, continuous, etc.; we are in post-finishing and developed countries The gap is relatively large. Appropriately introduce more finishing equipment. Should also consider more functional machines, such as soft, fluffy, fleece and so on. Such as multi-functional shrinking and combination machine, can be wet-finishing and dry-finishing, and can also be carried out on the same machine from wet-finishing to drying, and it is loose processing. After processing, it has good dimensional stability, soft and full-feeling, and can be used as an enzyme. Treatment, wrinkle finishing, can achieve a comprehensive effect of comfortable finishing.
Equipment selection should pay attention to the problem
Equipment can not be blindly selected, should take into account the current development trend of printing and dyeing products, market prospects, product quality, small quantities, many varieties, fast delivery characteristics and environmental protection and energy conservation. Select equipment according to product grade. First of all, we must do a good job of market and product research, accurately position the market and products, and then select technologies and equipment according to the needs of the market and products. We must have advanced nature, practicality, and applicability. In other words, we must first determine the grade of the product, whether it is a high-end product or a general product. The high-end product is to replace the import of high-grade clothing fabrics, or to produce export products.
Choose equipment according to the nature of the fabric. The equipment should be selected according to the nature and requirements of the processed fabric, according to the scale of production, product ratio and product characteristics, according to the printing and dyeing process and technology. Science and technology should follow. Although some printing and dyeing enterprises in China have introduced foreign production equipment, the management concepts of management and operation personnel have not substantially changed. The management lacks scientificity and lacks detailed operations. The entire production process lacks strict inspection and control. From the perspective of some domestic printing and dyeing companies, the processing equipment is not the main one (except for a few plants that may have incomplete or older equipment). The key issue is that the processing technology cannot keep up, the degree of automation and on-line detection of the equipment is low, and the quality of reprocessing Factors such as incomplete control and management mechanisms have led to slow development of new products, unstable product quality, and low product quality.
Advice for dyeing and finishing equipment manufacturers
Dyeing and finishing equipment plants should widely adopt new technologies to improve the level of mechatronics and online monitoring of printing and dyeing equipment, and to improve the reproducibility of printing and dyeing production. Production equipment must undergo rigorous production tests. The overall level of Germany's printing and dyeing machinery and equipment is internationally leading. Companies focus on production, focus on quality management, focus on innovation and reform, and regard customer demand as the premise. The German printing and dyeing machinery factory is jointly developed with universities and research institutes. At the same time, any equipment manufacturing plant in Germany has equipment testing workshops that can be modified at any time, not only testing machines, but also testing processes. After the trial of the factory, it will be sent to the user's factory for large-scale production trials. Maxim's printing and dyeing equipment manufacturing plant in Greece also has its own printing and dyeing plant, which is producing and testing and continuously improving its performance. This shows that it attaches great importance to equipment development.
Sleeping Bag
A sleeping bag (sleeping bag) is a bag used for sleeping. The vast majority of sleeping bags on the market are labelled with a comfort temperature and an extreme temperature. The comfort temperature is the range of temperatures at which the user sleeps throughout the night, with a maximum and a minimum. The maximum comfort temperature is the kind of heat you feel in a sleeping bag but not when you are sweating profusely, and is generally defined as a sleeping bag with the zip open, arms outside and the head of the bag not tightened, etc.
Development history
Early humans were using animal fur to make warm clothing and sleeping mats, which are still used today, including by the Eskimos living near the Arctic. early 19th century explorers and mountaineers began to test different sleeping bag systems, early sleeping bags were filled with camel hair, which has excellent insulation properties, and then a hollow rubber air mattress was invented and used in the 18th century In 1861 Francis Fox Tuckett tested the first Alpine sleeping bag prototype, and in the mid-1860s the envelope sleeping blanket design began to be perfected, and near the ground are hollow rubber coating as a ground thermal insulation layer.
The role of the sleeping bag is simply to keep heat loss to a minimum, while the body inside the sleeping bag is constantly generating heat to keep warm, the amount of heat generated varies from individual to individual and from situation to situation, all sleeping bag temperature calibration systems are based on a standard human body, but such a standard human body basically does not exist. A sleeping body has approximately 75-100 watts of thermal power, which translates into approximately 47-55 watts per square metre based on the surface area of the body. The amount of energy produced by metabolism is very complex and relates to age, gender and even the amount of fat under the body, but by and large a fit young male always produces far more body heat than an older man or woman. The perception of cold is related to age and experience, with novices generally feeling colder than experienced climbers. People who work outdoors a lot feel warmer in cold conditions than those who work in an office a lot.
Use
Whether it is a down or synthetic cotton sleeping bag, try not to compress it up when it is not in use for a long period of time to keep it as fluffy as possible, and it is good to get a proper tan. The purpose of this is to maintain the nature of down and cotton and extend the life of the bag, especially for down sleeping bags, try to keep them in a special down sleeping bag storage bag (loose breathable cotton bag). As a personal hygiene product, try to avoid borrowing each other's sleeping bags.
When using a sleeping bag there are several ways to improve warmth.
Equip a good quality moisture-proof pad, which is very important, as anyone who camps a lot has experienced, if the cold air goes straight from the ground to the back, that kind of cold is unbearable; drink a hot drink before bed if possible, milk and fruit jelly are fine to warm up the body.
Eat a comfortable meal before bedtime, especially with carbohydrates (starches, sugars).
wearing a long set of thermal underwear and clean socks will be very effective.
wearing more clothes when the sleeping bag is not warm enough, or covering the sleeping bag with clothes and other items.
sharing a tent with a larger number of people.
lighting a gas lamp or cooker in the tent if it is safe to do so.
Build a fire. There are so many ways to do this, so try them out when it matters.
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